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聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,英文名polybutylene terephthalate(简称PBT),属于聚酯系列,是由1.4-pbt丁二醇(1.4-Butylene glycol)与对苯二甲酸(PTA)或者对苯二甲酸酯(DMT)聚缩合而成,并经由混炼程序制成的乳白色半透明到不透明、结晶型热塑性聚酯树脂。与PET一起统称为热塑性聚酯,或饱和聚酯。

聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,又名聚对苯二甲酸四次甲基酯。英文名;Polybutyleneterephthalate。简称PBT PBTP或PTMT,它是对苯甲酸与1,4-丁二醇的缩聚物。可由酯交换法或直接脂化法经缩聚而制得,今后的发展趋势为直接酯化法生产。PBT和PET一起被称为热塑性聚酯。

PBT主链是由每个重复单元为刚性苯环和柔性脂肪醇连接起来的饱和线性分子组成,分子的高度几何规整性和刚性部分使聚合物具有高的机械强度,突出的耐化学试剂性,耐热性和优良的电性能;分子中没有侧链,结构对称,满足紧密堆砌的要求,从而使这种聚合物有高度的结晶形和高熔点,分子的结构决定了PBT具有良好的综合性能。PBT是同用工程塑料中工业化最晚而发展最快的一个品种,它之所以成为工程塑料的后起之秀,首先在于它具有优良的综合性能,以及良好的成型加工性和性能/价格相比,故此PBT塑料虽然到70年代才工业化生产,但很快热销市场,现为五大工程塑料发展最快的一种。

⒈优良的机械性能,机械强度高,耐疲劳性和尺寸稳定好。蠕变也小,这些性能在高温条件下也极少有变化。

⒉生产PBT所消耗的能量是工程塑料中最低的的,这对于世界范围内能源紧缺的情况下,具有十分重要的意义。

⒊耐热老化性优异,增强后的UL温度指数达到120~140℃,此外,户外长期老化性也很好。

⒋耐溶剂好,无应力开裂。

⒌PBT易于阻燃,可达UL94V-0级,由于与阻燃剂亲和性能好,所以容易开发反应型或添加型的阻燃品级。阻燃产品在电子电器工业中获得广泛应用。

⒍PBT在高温、高湿环境下遇水易分解,使用需谨慎。

⒎优良的电气性能,体积电阻率及介电强度高,耐电弧性优良,吸湿性极小,在潮湿及高温环境下,也能保持电性能稳定,是制造电子、电器零件的理想材料。

⒏易成型加工和二次加工,易用普通设备注塑或挤塑。由于结晶速度快,流动性好,模具温度也比其他工程材料要求低,在加工薄壁制件时仅需几秒钟,对大部件也只需40-60s即可。

PBT中文名称聚对苯二甲酸丁酯,简称饱和聚酯,系高结晶性热可塑性塑料。

优点:1、机械性质安定抗张强度与抗张模量和尼龙相似;2、摩擦系数小有自润性;

3、吸水率低;4、电气性质优良;5、尺寸安定性良好;6、耐药品性、耐油性极佳。

用途:1、电子电器:无熔线断电器、电磁开关、驰返变压器、家电把手、连接器、外壳等;

2、汽车:车门把手、保险杆、分电盘盖、挡泥板、导线护壳、轮圈盖等;

3、工业零件:OA风扇、键盘、钓具卷线器、零件、灯罩等。

特点:PBT为乳白色半透明到不透明、结晶型热塑性聚酯。具有高耐热性、韧性、耐疲劳性,自润滑、低摩擦系数,耐候性、吸水率低,仅为0.1%,在潮湿环境中仍保持各种物性(包括电性能),电绝缘性,但介电损耗大。耐热水、碱类、酸类、油类、但易受卤化烃侵蚀,耐水解性差,低温下可迅速结晶,成型性良好。PBT 结晶速度快,最适宜加工方法为注塑,其他方法还有挤出、吹塑、涂覆和各种二次加工成型,成型前需预干燥,水分含量要降至0.02%。PBT(增强、改性PBT)主要用于汽车、电子电器、工业机械和聚合物合金、共混工业。如作为汽车中的分配器、车体部件、点火器线圈骨架、绝缘盖、排气系统零部件、摩托车点火器、电子电器工业中如电视机的偏转线圈,显像管和电位器支架,伴音输出变压器骨架,适配器骨架,开关接插件、电风扇、电冰箱、洗衣机电机端盖、轴套.

应用
PBT(增强、改性PBT)主要用于汽车、电子电器、工业机械和聚合物合金、共混工业。如作为汽车中的分配器、车体部件、点火器线圈骨架、绝缘盖、排气系统零部件、摩托车点火器、电子电器工业中如电视机的偏转线圈,显像管和电位器支架,伴音输出变压器骨架,适配器骨架,开关接插件、电风扇、电冰箱、洗衣机电机端盖、轴套。
另外还有运输机械零件,缝纫机和纺织机械零件、钟表外壳、镜筒、电熨斗罩、水银灯罩、烘烤炉部件、电动工具零件、屏蔽套等。


Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a thermoplastic engineering polymer that is used as an insulator in the electrical and electronics industries. It is a thermoplastic (semi-)crystalline polymer, and a type of polyester. PBT resists solvents, shrinks very little during forming, is mechanically strong, is heat-resistant up to 150 °C (or 200 °C with glass-fibre reinforcement), and can be treated with flame retardants to make it noncombustible. It was developed by Britain's Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI).

PBT is closely related to other thermoplastic polyesters. Compared to PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT has slightly lower strength and rigidity, slightly better impact resistance, and a slightly lower glass transition temperature. PBT and PET are sensitive to hot water above 60 °C (140 °F). PBT and PET need UV protection if used outdoors, and most grades of these polyesters are flammable, although additives can be used to improve both UV and flammability properties.


Applications
Polybutylene terephthalate is used for housings in electrical engineering, but also in automotive construction as plug connectors and in households for example in showerheads or irons. It is also found processed into toothbrush fibers and false eyelashes, and is used in the keycaps of some high-end computer keyboards because the texture is highly resistant to wear and discoloration due to UV radiation.[contradictory]

PBT can also be made into yarn. This has a natural stretch similar to Lycra and can be incorporated into sportswear. Due to its chlorine resistance it is commonly found in swimwear. Further, recent studies have shown that PBT has superior UV properties to PET based fabrics such as T400.

PBT, especially glass fibre grades, can be effectively fire-retarded with halogen-free products. Phosphorus-based flame retardant systems are used in these fire-safe polymers and are based on aluminium diethyl phosphinate and synergists. They are designed to meet UL 735 flammability tests as well as Glow Wire Ignition Tests (GWIT), Glow Wire Flammability Test (GWFI) and Comparative Tracking Index (CTI). Main applications are in the electrical and electronics (E&E) industry.